Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 1. | Following the development of the Bessemer process, the cities of Gary, Indiana;
Cleveland, Ohio; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became centers for A. | oil
refining. | C. | steel
manufacturing. | B. | coal production. | D. | the car industry. | | | | |
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| 2. | The
first successful oil well was drilled in A. | Menlo Park, New Jersey. | C. | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. | B. | Gary,
Indiana. | D. | Titusville,
Pennsylvania. | | | | |
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| 3. | Prior
to the Civil War, railroads in the United States averaged about A. | 10 miles in
length. | C. | 1,000 miles in
length. | B. | 100 miles in length. | D. | 4,500 miles in length. | | | | |
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| 4. | The
adoption of a standard gauge for railway tracks improved rail transportation by A. | making it
unnecessary for passengers and freight to be transferred from train to train each time they reached a
different line. | B. | enabling trains to travel at faster
speeds. | C. | enabling trains to carry larger
loads. | D. | reducing the number of feeder lines necessary to reach towns
located off the trunk lines. | | |
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| 5. | Development of a practical automobile was speeded along by innovations
in A. | compressed-air
brakes. | C. | oil
refining. | B. | steam power. | D. | electricity. | | | | |
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| 6. | Which
of the following inventions did NOT come out of Edison’s laboratory at Menlo
Park? A. | electric
lightbulb | C. | phonograph | B. | telegraph | D. | telegraphic stock ticker | | | | |
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| 7. | A
group of companies that is controlled by a single group of business leaders is an example
of A. | a
monopoly. | C. | vertical
integration. | B. | a trust. | D. | communism. | | | | |
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| 8. | Unlike a small business, a corporation A. | is owned by
stockholders. | B. | passes liability for its debts to its
stockholders. | C. | depends upon an owner or owners for its
existence. | D. | is not publicly owned or traded on the stock
market. | | |
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| 9. | Andrew Carnegie earned $1.20 a week on his first job, and when he retired
he A. | was
broke. | C. | was the richest
man in the world. | B. | lived a lavish lifestyle. | D. | gave away all his money. | | | | |
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| 10. | Because he was disturbed by the poor conditions of city life, George
Pullman A. | donated $350
million to help build libraries. | B. | encouraged his employees to form a
union. | C. | provided his employees with benefits that made him extremely
popular with them. | D. | built a planned community next to his
factory. | | |
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| 11. | Department stores succeeded because they A. | sold products
through catalogs to people living in rural areas. | B. | bought goods in
bulk and therefore could sell them at low prices. | C. | were
monopolies. | D. | were chain stores. | | |
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| 12. | Between 1870 and 1890, the number of female workers A. | remained about
the same. | C. | doubled. | B. | decreased. | D. | tripled. | | | | |
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| 13. | Working conditions during the late 1800s were characterized by A. | long hours and
low wages. | C. | high
unemployment. | B. | short hours and high wages. | D. | emphasis on worker safety. | | | | |
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| 14. | Under
Terence V. Powderly, the Knights of Labor A. | supported child labor. | B. | opposed the
temperance movement. | C. | refused to support the rights of African
Americans. | D. | refused to support the rights of Chinese
workers. | | |
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| 15. | As a
result of the violence of the Great Upheaval, many workers A. | received higher
wages. | B. | witnessed greatly improved working
conditions. | C. | left the Knights of Labor and joined the American Federation of
Labor. | D. | joined unions. | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement. A. | Bessemer
process | J. | vertical
integration | B. | patent | K. | Horatio Alger Jr. | C. | telegraph | L. | John D.
Rockefeller | D. | Elijah McCoy | M. | George Pullman | E. | trunk
lines | N. | Great
Upheaval | F. | Alexander Graham Bell | O. | Haymarket Riot | G. | communism | P. | anarchists | H. | social Darwinism | Q. | Mary Harris Jones | I. | monopoly | R. | Eugene V.
Debs | | | | |
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| 16. | one
of the founders of Standard Oil Company
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| 17. | inventor who developed a lubricating cup that fed oil to a machine while it was
running
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| 18. | a
philosophy developed by Karl Marx that proposes that individuals should not own
property
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| 19. | a
union organizer for the Knights of Labor who was called “the most dangerous woman in
America”
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| 20. | an
idea proposed by Herbert Spencer that suggests that society progresses through natural competition in
which the fittest people rise to positions of wealth and power while the unfit fail
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| 21. | a
method of making steel from iron using a blast of hot air
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| 22. | term
for the intense strikes and violent labor confrontations of 1886
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| 23. | inventor of the telephone
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| 24. | a
violent labor confrontation in Chicago that began when a bomb was exploded among police officers,
killing a number of them
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| 25. | a
means of communicating over wires by using electricity to send a series of dots and
dashes
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| 26. | people who oppose all forms of government
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| 27. | head
of the American Railway Union who supported the Pullman strikers
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| 28. | a
guarantee to protect an inventor’s rights to make, use, or sell an invention
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| 29. | major
railroads
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| 30. | a
writer who told rags-to-riches stories that promoted the worth of the individual
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